Prof. Dr. med. Dr. rer. nat. Klaus Aktories

Curriculum Vitae
Office Address	Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 25, Otto-Krayer-Haus D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
Education
1967	High school examination
1969-1972	Study of Pharmacy, University of Frankfurt
1971-1977	Study of Medicine, University of Frankfurt
Dissertations
1977 Dr. med. (MD)	Faculty of Medicine, University of Frankfurt (Mentor Prof. Dr. H.-D. Taubert)
1981 Dr. rer. nat. (Ph. D.)	Faculty of Natural Sciences (Naturwissenschaftl. Gesamtfakultät), University of Heidelberg (Mentor Prof. Dr. G. Schulz)
Habilitation
1983	Faculty of Theoretical Medicine, University of Heidelberg
Professional Appointments
1978-1984 Research Associate	Department of Pharmacology at the University of Heidelberg (Group of Prof. Dr. G. Schultz)
1984-1985 Research Associate	Department of Psychiatry at the University of Mainz (Director Prof. Dr. O. Benkert)
1985-1989 Associate Professor (C2)	Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology at the University of Gießen
1989-1991 Associate Professor (C3)	Institute of Pharmacology at the University of Essen
1991-1994 Full Professor (C4)	Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of the Saarland
1995-2018 Full Professor (C4) and Director (Chair)	Department I of the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
Sabbaticals
1989	Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, Group of Prof. Dr. A. Hall
1998	Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College Wisconsin (Milwaukee), Group of Prof. Dr. J.T. Barbieri
Honors
Julius Friedrich Cohnheim Lecture, Tel Aviv University (1998)
Member of The German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina (2003)
Coordinator of the Priority Research Program 1150 (Schwerpunktprogramm 1150) of the DFG: “Signalwege zum Zytoskelett und bakterielle
Pathogenität” (2003-2009)
Feldberg-Foundation Award (2005)
Fellow of The American Academy of Microbiology (2008)
Member of EMBO (2008)
Phoenix Research Award (2012)
Toxicology Award der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Toxikologie (2014)
Senior Fellowship Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS) (2015)
Membership in Editorial Boards (past and present)
European Journal of Pharmacology
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology
Medical Microbiology and Immunology
Toxicon
Infection and Immunity
International Journal of Medical Microbiology
Research topics
Bacterial protein toxin - Clostridial glucosylating toxins - Pasteurella multocida toxin - ADP-ribosylating toxins - Rho-GTPase activating and inhibiting toxins - Legionella glucosyltransferases - ABC (Tc)-Toxins
Molecular mechanism and structure-function analysis of bacterial protein toxins
Bacterial protein toxins as pharmacological tools
Patents
De0019802569A1	Toxikologisch aktive Fragmente des letalen Toxins von Clostridium sordellii und deren Verwendung in Immuntoxinen
DE0019735105A1	Transportsystem zur Einbringung von Proteinen in Zielzellen mit Hilfe eines Fusionsproteins, Nucleinsäurekonstrukte kodierend für die Komponenten des Transportsystems und Arzneimittel, die Komponenten des Transportsystems umfassen
EP1452589A1	ADP-Ribosyltransferase C3cer

 
Publications
 

2024 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Papatheodorou P, Minton NP, Aktories K, Barth H (2024) An Updated View on the Cellular Uptake and Mode-of-Action of Clostridioides difficile Toxins. Adv Exp Med Biol, 1435, 219-47
Abstract³¹

Schneider S, Wirth C, Jank T, Hunte C, Aktories K (2024) Tyrosine-modifying glycosylation by Yersinia effectors. J Biol Chem, 107331, Epub ahead of print
Abstract³²

2023 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Aktories K (2023) Clostridioides difficile infection drives neuronal inflammation. Nature, 622, 465-7
Abstract³³

Aktories K (2023) From signal transduction to protein toxins-a narrative review about milestones on the research route of C. difficile toxins. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 396, 173-90
Abstract³⁴

Behren S, Schorlemer M, Schmidt G, Aktories K, Westerlind U (2023) Antibodies Directed Against GalNAc- and GlcNAc-O-Tyrosine Posttranslational Modifications - a New Tool for Glycoproteomic Detection. Chemistry, e202300392, Epub ahead of print
Abstract³⁵

2022 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Aktories K (2022) Another surprise in receptor binding of C. difficile toxins. Innovation (Camb), 3, 100261, 1-2
Abstract³⁶

Aktories K (2022) Treatment of ovarian cancer with modified anthrax toxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 119 (32), e2210179119, 1-3
Abstract³⁷

Schwan C, Lang AE, Schlosser A, Fujita-Becker S, AlHaj A, Schröder RR, Faix J, Aktories K, Mannherz HG (2022) Inhibition of Arp2/3 Complex after ADP-Ribosylation of Arp2 by Binary Clostridioides Toxins. Cells, 11, 3661, 1-21
Abstract³⁸

Zähringer S, Rumpf T, Melesina J, Lang AE, Aktories K, Sippl W, Jung M, Wagner GK (2022) Defined stereoisomers of 2"-amino NAD⁺ and their activity against human sirtuins and a bacterial (ADP-ribosyl) transferase. Bioorg Med Chem, 68, 116875, 1-11
Abstract³⁹

2021 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Ng'ang'a PN, Siukstaite L, Lang AE, Bakker H, Römer W, Aktories K, Schmidt G (2021) Involvement of N-glycans in binding of Photorhabdus luminescens Tc toxin. Cell Microbiol, 23, e13326, 1-16
Abstract⁴⁰

Papatheodorou P, Kindig S, Badilla-Lobo A, Fischer S, Durgun E, Thuraisingam T, Witte A, Song S, Aktories K, Chaves-Olarte E, Rodríguez C, Barth H (2021) The Compound U18666A Inhibits the Intoxication of Cells by Clostridioides difficile Toxins TcdA and TcdB. Front Microbiol, 12, 784856, 1-10
Abstract⁴¹

2020 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Antoni C, Quentin D, Lang AE, Aktories K, Gatsogiannis C, Raunser S (2020) Cryo-EM structure of the fully-loaded asymmetric anthrax lethal toxin in its heptameric pre-pore state. PLoS Pathog, 16, e1008530, 1-19
Abstract⁴²

Fischer S, Ückert AK, Landenberger M, Papatheodorou P, Hoffmann-Richter C, Mittler AK, Ziener U, Hägele M, Schwan C, Müller M, Kleger A, Benz R, Popoff MR, Aktories K, Barth H (2020) Human Peptide α-defensin-1 Interferes With Clostridioides Difficile Toxins TcdA, TcdB, and CDT. FASEB J, 34, 6244-61
Abstract⁴³

Korbmacher M, Fischer S, Landenberger M, Papatheodorou P, Aktories K, Barth H (2020) Human α-Defensin-5 Efficiently Neutralizes Clostridioides difficile Toxins TcdA, TcdB, and CDT. Front Pharmacol, 11, 1204, 1-10
Abstract⁴⁴

Ost GS, Wirth C, Bogdanović X, Kao WC, Schorch B, Aktories PJK, Papatheodorou P, Schwan C, Schlosser A, Jank T, Hunte C, Aktories K (2020) Inverse Control of Rab Proteins by Yersinia ADP-ribosyltransferase and Glycosyltransferase Related to Clostridial Glucosylating Toxins. Sci Adv, 6, eaaz2094, 1-12
Abstract⁴⁵

Simpson M, Frisbee A, Kumar P, Schwan C, Aktories K, Petri WA (2020) Clostridioides difficile binary toxin (CDT) is recognized by the TLR2/6 heterodimer to induce an NF-κB response. J Infect Dis, 225, 1296-300
Abstract⁴⁶

Reviews, Books

Aktories K (2020) Semaphorins or Frizzled -it is the receptor that direct the action of clostridial glucosylating toxins. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 5, 206, 1-2
Abstract⁴⁷

2019 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Bogdanovic X, Schneider S, Levanova N, Wirth C, Trillhaase C, Steinemann M, Hunte C, Aktories K, Jank T (2019) A cysteine protease-like domain enhances the cytotoxic effects of the Photorhabdus asymbiotica toxin PaTox. J Biol Chem, 294, 1035-44
Abstract⁴⁸

Ebner JK, König GM, Kostenis E, Siegert P, Aktories K, Orth JH (2019) Activation of G_q signaling by Pasteurella multocida toxin inhibits the osteoblastogenic-like actions of Activin A in C2C12 myoblasts, a cell model of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Bone, 127, 592-601
Abstract⁴⁹

Levanova N, Mattheis C, Carson D, To KN, Jank T, Frankel G, Aktories K, Schroeder GN (2019) The Legionella effector LtpM is a new type of phosphoinositide-activated glucosyltransferase. J Biol Chem, 294, 2862-79
Abstract⁵⁰

Levanova N, Steinemann M, Böhmer KE, Schneider S, Belyi Y, Schlosser A, Aktories K, Jank T (2019) Characterization of the glucosyltransferase activity of Legionella pneumophila effector SetA. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 392, 69-79
Abstract⁵¹

Ng Ang A PN, Ebner JK, Plessner M, Aktories K, Schmidt G (2019) Engineering Photorhabdus luminescens toxin complex (PTC) into a recombinant injection nanomachine. Life Sci Alliance, 2, e20190048, 1-12
Abstract⁵²

Ost GS, Ng'ang'a PN, Lang A, Aktories K (2019) Photorhabdus luminescens Tc toxin is inhibited by the protease inhibitor MG132 and activated by protease cleavage resulting in increased binding to target cells. Cell Microbiol, 21, e12978, 1-12
Abstract⁵³

Papatheodorou P, Song S, López-Ureña D, Witte A, Marques F, Ost GS, Schorch B, Chaves-Olarte E, Aktories K (2019) Cytotoxicity of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B requires an active and functional SREBP-2 pathway. FASEB J, 33, 4883-92
Abstract⁵⁴

Schnell L, Felix I, Müller B, Sadi M, von Bank F, Papatheodorou P, Popoff MR, Aktories K, Waltenberger E, Benz R, Weichbrodt C, Fauler M, Frick M, Barth H (2019) Revisiting an old antibiotic: bacitracin neutralizes binary bacterial toxins and protects cells from intoxication. FASEB J, 33, 5755-71
Abstract⁵⁵

Reviews, Books

Aktories K, Gierschik P, Heringdorf DMZ, Schmidt M, Schultz G, Wieland T (2019) cAMP guided his way: a life for G protein-mediated signal transduction and molecular pharmacology-tribute to Karl H. Jakobs. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 392, 887-911
Abstract⁵⁶

2018 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Brink T, Leiss V, Siegert P, Jehle D, Ebner JK, Schwan C, Shymanets A, Wiese S, Nürnberg B, Hensel M, Aktories K, Orth JHC (2018) Salmonella Typhimurium effector SseI inhibits chemotaxis and increases host cell survival by deamidation of heterotrimeric Gi proteins. PLoS Pathog, 14, e1007248, 1-23
Abstract⁵⁷

Haun F, Neumann S, Peintner L, Wieland K, Habicht J, Schwan C, Østevold K, Koczorowska MM, Biniossek M, Kist M, Busch H, Boerries M, Davis RJ, Maurer U, Schilling O, Aktories K, Borner C (2018) Identification of a novel anoikis signalling pathway using the fungal virulence factor gliotoxin. Nat Commun, 9, 3524, 1-14
Abstract⁵⁸

Heni H, Ebner JK, Schmidt G, Aktories K, Orth JHC (2018) Involvement of Osteocytes in the Action of Pasteurella multocida Toxin. Toxins (Basel), 10, 328, 1-15
Abstract⁵⁹

Schorch B, Heni H, Zahaf NI, Brummer T, Mione M, Schmidt G, Papatheodorou P, Aktories K (2018) Targeting oncogenic Ras by the Clostridium perfringens toxin TpeL. Oncotarget, 9, 16489-500
Abstract⁶⁰

Steinemann M, Schlosser A, Jank T, Aktories K (2018) The chaperonin TRiC/CCT is essential for the action of bacterial glycosylating protein toxins like Clostridium difficile toxins A and B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 115, 9580-5
Abstract⁶¹

Reviews, Books

Aktories K, Papatheodorou P, Schwan C (2018) Binary Clostridium difficile toxin (CDT) - A virulence factor disturbing the cytoskeleton. Anaerobe, 53, 21-9
Abstract⁶²

Papatheodorou P, Barth H, Minton N, Aktories K (2018) Cellular Uptake and Mode-of-Action of Clostridium difficile Toxins. Adv Exp Med Biol, 1050, 77-96
Abstract⁶³

2017 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Carle S, Brink T, Orth JH, Aktories K, Barth H (2017) Auranofin Inhibits the Enzyme Activity of Pasteurella multocida Toxin PMT in Human Cells and Protects Cells from Intoxication. Toxins (Basel), 9, 32, 1-8
Abstract⁶⁴

Czulkies BA, Mastroianni J, Lutz L, Lang S, Schwan C, Schmidt G, Lassmann S, Zeiser R, Aktories K, Papatheodorou P (2017) Loss of LSR affects epithelial barrier integrity and tumor xenograft growth of CaCo-2 cells. Oncotarget, 8, 37009-22
Abstract⁶⁵

Ernst K, Schmid J, Beck M, Hägele M, Hohwieler M, Hauff P, Ückert AK, Anastasia A, Fauler M, Jank T, Aktories K, Popoff MR, Schiene-Fischer C, Kleger A, Müller M, Frick M, Barth H (2017) Hsp70 facilitates trans-membrane transport of bacterial ADP-ribosylating toxins into the cytosol of mammalian cells. Sci Rep, 7, 2724, 1-16
Abstract⁶⁶

Jank T, Belyi Y, Wirth C, Rospert S, Hu Z, Dengjel J, Tzivelekidis T, Andersen GR, Hunte C, Schlosser A, Aktories K (2017) Protein glutaminylation is a yeast-specific posttranslational modification of elongation factor 1A. J Biol Chem, 292, 16014-23
Abstract⁶⁷

Lang AE, Qu Z, Schwan C, Silvan U, Unger A, Schoenenberger CA, Aktories K, Mannherz HG (2017) Actin ADP-ribosylation at Threonine148 by Photorhabdus luminescens toxin TccC3 induces aggregation of intracellular F-actin. Cell Microbiol, 19, 1-14
Abstract⁶⁸

Lang S, Busch H, Boerries M, Brummer T, Timme S, Lassmann S, Aktories K, Schmidt G (2017) Specific role of RhoC in tumor invasion and metastasis. Oncotarget, 8, 87364-78
Abstract⁶⁹

Østevold K, Meléndez AV, Lehmann F, Schmidt G, Aktories K, Schwan C (2017) Septin remodeling is essential for the formation of cell membrane protrusions (microtentacles) in detached tumor cells. Oncotarget, 8, 76686-98
Abstract⁷⁰

Schuster M, Schnell L, Feigl P, Birkhofer C, Mohr K, Roeder M, Carle S, Langer S, Tippel F, Buchner J, Fischer G, Hausch F, Frick M, Schwan C, Aktories K, Schiene-Fischer C, Barth H (2017) The Hsp90 machinery facilitates the transport of diphtheria toxin into human cells. Sci Rep, 7, 613, 1-14
Abstract⁷¹

Zahaf NI, Lang AE, Kaiser L, Fichter CD, Lassmann S, McCluskey A, Augspach A, Aktories K, Schmidt G (2017) Targeted delivery of an ADP-ribosylating bacterial toxin into cancer cells. Sci Rep, 7, 41252, 1-10
Abstract⁷²

Reviews, Books

Aktories K, Schwan C, Lang AE (2017) ADP-Ribosylation and Cross-Linking of Actin by Bacterial Protein Toxins. Handb Exp Pharmacol, 235, 179-206
Abstract⁷³

Aktories K, Schwan C, Jank T (2017) Clostridium difficile Toxin Biology. Annu Rev Microbiol, 71, 281-307
Abstract⁷⁴

Papatheodorou P, Aktories K (2017) Receptor-Binding and Uptake of Binary Actin-ADP-Ribosylating Toxins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 406, 119-33
Abstract⁷⁵

Schwan C, Aktories K (2017) Formation of Nanotube-Like Protrusions, Regulation of Septin Organization and Re-guidance of Vesicle Traffic by Depolymerization of the Actin Cytoskeleton Induced by Binary Bacterial Protein Toxins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 399, 35-51
Abstract⁷⁶

Sheets J, Aktories K (2017) Insecticidal Toxin Complexes from Photorhabdus luminescens. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 402, 3-23
Abstract⁷⁷

2016 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Cowardin CA, Buonomo EL, Saleh MM, Wilson MG, Burgess SL, Kuehne SA, Schwan C, Eichhoff AM, Koch-Nolte F, Lyras D, Aktories K, Minton NP, Petri WA Jr (2016) The binary toxin CDT enhances Clostridium difficile virulence by suppressing protective colonic eosinophilia. Nat Microbiol, 1, 16108
Abstract⁷⁸

Nölke T, Schwan C, Lehmann F, Østevold K, Pertz O, Aktories K (2016) Septins guide microtubule protrusions induced by actin-depolymerizing toxins like Clostridium difficile transferase (CDT). Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A, 113, 7870-5
Abstract⁷⁹

Schnell L, Mittler AK, Sadi M, Popoff MR, Schwan C, Aktories K, Mattarei A, Tehran DA, Montecucco C, Barth H (2016) EGA Protects Mammalian Cells from Clostridium difficile CDT, Clostridium perfringens Iota Toxin and Clostridium botulinum C2 Toxin. Toxins (Basel), 8, 101, 1-14
Abstract⁸⁰

Reviews, Books

Jank T, Lang AE, Aktories K (2016) Rho-modifying bacterial protein toxins from Photorhabdus species. Toxicon, 116, 17-22
Abstract⁸¹

Papatheodorou P, Aktories K (2016) Preface for Anaerobe - Special issue on Clostpath9. Anaerobe, 41, 1
Abstract⁸²

2015 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Belyy A, Tabakova I, Lang AE, Jank T, Belyi Y, Aktories K (2015) Roles of Asp179 and Glu270 in ADP-Ribosylation of Actin by Clostridium perfringens Iota Toxin. PLoS One, 10, e0145708, 1-15
Abstract⁸³

Ernst K, Langer S, Kaiser E, Osseforth C, Michaelis J, Popoff MR, Schwan C, Aktories K, Kahlert V, Malesevic M, Schiene-Fischer C, Barth H (2015) Cyclophilin-Facilitated Membrane Translocation as Pharmacological Target to Prevent Intoxication of Mammalian Cells by Binary Clostridial Actin ADP-Ribosylated Toxins. J Mol Biol, 427, 1224-38
Abstract⁸⁴

Hemmasi S, Czulkies BA, Schorch B, Veit A, Aktories K, Papatheodorou P (2015) Interaction of the Clostridium difficile Binary Toxin CDT and its Host Cell Receptor LSR. J Biol Chem, 290, 14031-44
Abstract⁸⁵

Jank T, Eckerle S, Steinemann M, Trillhaase C, Schimpl M, Wiese S, van Aalten DM, Driever W, Aktories K (2015) Tyrosine glycosylation of Rho by Yersinia toxin impairs blastomere cell behaviour in zebrafish embryos. Nat Commun, 6, 7807, 1-16
Abstract⁸⁶

Jank T, Trillhaase C, Brozda N, Steinemann M, Schwan C, Süss R, Aktories K (2015) Intracellular plasma membrane guidance of Photorhabdus asymbiotica toxin is crucial for cell toxicity. FASEB J, 29, 2789-802
Abstract⁸⁷

Mayer SC, Gilsbach R, Preissl S, Monroy Ordonez EB, Schnick T, Beetz N, Lother A, Rommel C, Ihle H, Bugger H, Rühle F, Schrepper A, Schwarzer M, Heilmann C, Bönisch U, Gupta SK, Wilpert J, Kretz O, von Elverfeldt D, Orth J, Aktories K, Beyersdorf F, Bode C, Stiller B, Krüger M, Thum T, Doenst T, Stoll M, Hein L (2015) Adrenergic Repression of the Epigenetic Reader MeCP2 Facilitates Cardiac Adaptation in Chronic Heart Failure. Circ Res, 117, 622-33
Abstract⁸⁸

Pfaumann V, Lang AE, Schwan C, Schmidt G, Aktories K (2015) The actin and Rho-modifying toxins PTC3 and PTC5 of Photorhabdus luminescens: Enzyme characterization and induction of MAL/SRF-dependent transcription. Cell Microbiol, 17, 579-94
Abstract⁸⁹

Stankiewicz TR, Ramaswami SA, Bouchard RJ, Aktories K, Linseman DA (2015) Neuronal apoptosis induced by selective inhibition of Rac GTPase versus global suppression of Rho family GTPases is mediated by alterations in distinct mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades. J Biol Chem, 290, 9363-76
Abstract⁹⁰

Unger M, Eichhoff AM, Schumacher L, Strysio M, Menzel S, Schwan C, Alzogaray V, Zylberman V, Seman M, Brandner J, Rohde H, Zhu K, Haag F, Mittrücker HW, Goldbaum F, Aktories K, Koch-Nolte F (2015) Selection of Nanobodies that Block the Enzymatic and Cytotoxic Activities of the Binary Clostridium Difficile Toxin CDT. Sci Rep, 5, 7850, 1-10
Abstract⁹¹

Weise M, Vettel C, Spiger K, Gilsbach R, Hein L, Lorenz K, Wieland T, Aktories K, Orth JH (2015) A systemic Pasteurella multocida toxin aggravates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice. Cell Microbiol, 17, 1320-31
Abstract⁹²

Reviews, Books

Aktories K, Schmidt G, Lang AE (2015) Photorhabdus luminescens Toxins TccC3 and TccC5: Insecticidal ADP-Ribosyltransferases that Modify Threonine and Glutamine. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 384, 53-67
Abstract⁹³

Aktories K (2015) Rho-modifying bacterial protein toxins. Pathog Dis, 73, ftv091, 1-10
Abstract⁹⁴

Jank T, Belyi Y, Aktories K (2015) Bacterial glycosyltransferase toxins. Cell Microbiol, 17, 1752-65
Abstract⁹⁵

Schmidt G, Papatheodorou P, Aktories K (2015) Novel receptors for bacterial protein toxins. Curr Opin Microbiol, 23, 55-61
Abstract⁹⁶

2014 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Lang AE, Ernst K, Lee H, Papatheodorou P, Schwan C, Barth H, Aktories K (2014) The chaperone Hsp90 and PPIases of the cyclophilin and FKBP families facilitate membrane translocation of Photorhabdus luminescens ADP-ribosyltransferases. Cell Microbiol, 16, 490-503
Abstract⁹⁷

Meusch D, Gatsogiannis C, Efremov RG, Lang AE, Hofnagel O, Vetter IR, Aktories K, Raunser S (2014) Mechanism of Tc toxin action revealed in molecular detail. Nature, 508, 61-5
Abstract⁹⁸

Piteau M, Papatheodorou P, Schwan C, Schlosser A, Aktories K, Schmidt G (2014) Lu/BCAM adhesion glycoprotein is a receptor for Escherichia coli Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1). PLoS Pathog, 10, e1003884, 1-12
Abstract⁹⁹

Roeder M, Nestorovich EM, Karginov VA, Schwan C, Aktories K, Barth H (2014) Tailored cyclodextrin pore blocker protects mammalian cells from clostridium difficile binary toxin CDT. Toxins (Basel), 6, 2097-114
Abstract¹⁰⁰

Schorch B, Song S, van Diemen FR, Bock HH, May P, Herz J, Brummelkamp TR, Papatheodorou P, Aktories K (2014) LRP1 is a receptor for Clostridium perfringens TpeL toxin indicating a two-receptor model of clostridial glycosylating toxins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A, 111, 6431-6
Abstract¹⁰¹

Schwan C, Kruppke AS, Nölke T, Schumacher L, Koch-Nolte F, Kudryashev M, Stahlberg H, Aktories K (2014) Clostridium difficile toxin CDT hijacks microtubule organization and reroutes vesicle traffic to increase pathogen adherence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A, 111, 2313-8
Abstract¹⁰²

Strack J, Heni H, Gilsbach R, Hein L, Aktories K, Orth JH (2014) Noncanonical G-Protein-Dependent Modulation of Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Resorption Mediated by Pasteurella multocida Toxin. MBio, 5, e02190-14, 1-9
Abstract¹⁰³

Young JC, Clements A, Lang AE, Garnett JA, Munera D, Arbeloa A, Pearson J, Hartland EL, Matthews SJ, Mousnier A, Barry DJ, Way M, Schlosser A, Aktories K, Frankel G (2014) The Escherichia coli effector EspJ blocks Src kinase activity via amidation and ADP ribosylation. Nat Commun, 5, 5887, 1-10
Abstract¹⁰⁴

Reviews, Books

Aktories K, Schmidt G (2014) Bacterial Protein Toxins Acting on Small GTPases. In: Ras Superfamily Small G Proteins: Biology and Mechanisms 1. Wittinghofer, A (ed.), Springer Vienna, 64-97
Abstract¹⁰⁵

Gerding DN, Johnson S, Rupnik M, Aktories K (2014) Clostridium difficile binary toxin CDT: Mechanism, epidemiology, and potential clinical importance. Gut Microbes, 5, 15-27
Abstract¹⁰⁶

Simon NC, Aktories K, Barbieri JT (2014) Novel bacterial ADP-ribosylating toxins: structure and function. Nat Rev Microbiol, 12, 599-611
Abstract¹⁰⁷

2013 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Augspach A, List JH, Wolf P, Bielek H, Schwan C, Elsässer-Beile U, Aktories K, Schmidt G (2013) Activation of RhoA,B,C by Yersinia Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor (CNFy) induces apoptosis in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Toxins (Basel), 5, 2241-57
Abstract¹⁰⁸

Bergmann S, Jehle D, Schwan C, Orth JH, Aktories K (2013) Pasteurella multocida Toxin as a Transporter of Non-Cell-Permeating Proteins. Infect Immun, 81, 2459-67
Abstract¹⁰⁹

Gatsogiannis C, Lang AE, Meusch D, Pfaumann V, Hofnagel O, Benz R, Aktories K, Raunser S (2013) A syringe-like injection mechanism in Photorhabdus luminescens toxins. Nature, 495, 520-3
Abstract¹¹⁰

Jank T, Bogdanović X, Wirth C, Haaf E, Spoerner M, Böhmer KE, Steinemann M, Orth JH, Kalbitzer HR, Warscheid B, Hunte C, Aktories K (2013) A bacterial toxin catalyzing tyrosine glycosylation of Rho and deamidation of G_q and G_i proteins. Nat Struct Mol Biol, 20, 1273-80
Abstract¹¹¹

Lang AE, Konukiewitz J, Aktories K, Benz R (2013) TcdA1 of Photorhabdus luminescens: electrophysiological analysis of pore formation and effector binding. Biophys J, 105, 376-84
Abstract¹¹²

Orth JH, Fester I, Siegert P, Weise M, Lanner U, Kamitani S, Tachibana T, Wilson BA, Schlosser A, Horiguchi Y, Aktories K (2013) Substrate specificity of Pasteurella multocida toxin for α subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. FASEB J, 27, 832-42
Abstract¹¹³

Papatheodorou P, Hornuss D, Nölke T, Hemmasi S, Castonguay J, Picchianti M, Aktories K (2013) Clostridium difficile binary toxin CDT induces clustering of the lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor into lipid rafts. MBio, 4, e00244-13, 1-8
Abstract¹¹⁴

Sakaba T, Kononenko NL, Bacetic J, Pechstein A, Schmoranzer J, Yao L, Barth H, Shupliakov O, Kobler O, Aktories K, Haucke V (2013) Fast neurotransmitter release regulated by the endocytic scaffold intersectin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A, 110, 8266-71
Abstract¹¹⁵

Siegert P, Schmidt G, Papatheodorou P, Wieland T, Aktories K, Orth JH (2013) Pasteurella multocida toxin prevents osteoblast differentiation by transactivation of the MAP-kinase cascade via the Gα_q/11-p63RhoGEF-RhoA axis. PLoS Pathog, 9, e1003385, 1-14
Abstract¹¹⁶

Singh MK, Ren F, Giesemann T, Bosco CD, Pasternak TP, Blein T, Ruperti B, Schmidt G, Aktories K, Molendijk AJ, Palme K (2013) Modification of plant Rac/Rop GTPase signalling using bacterial toxin transgenes. Plant J, 73, 314–24
Abstract¹¹⁷

Reviews, Books

Belyi Y, Jank T, Aktories K (2013) Cytotoxic Glucosyltransferases of Legionella pneumophila. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 376, 211-26
Abstract¹¹⁸

Jank T, Aktories K (2013) Strain-alleviation model of ADP-ribosylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A, 110, 4163-4
Abstract¹¹⁹

Lemichez E, Aktories K (2013) Hijacking of Rho GTPases during bacterial infection. Exp Cell Res, 319, 2329-36
Abstract¹²⁰

2012 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Belyi Y, Tartakovskaya D, Tais A, Fitzke E, Tzivelekidis T, Jank T, Rospert S, Aktories K (2012) Elongation Factor 1A Is the Target of Growth Inhibition in Yeast Caused by Legionella pneumophila Glucosyltransferase Lgt1. J Biol Chem, 287, 26029-37
Abstract¹²¹

Guttenberg G, Hornei S, Jank T, Schwan C, Lü W, Einsle O, Papatheodorou P, Aktories K (2012) Molecular Characteristics of Clostridium perfringens TpeL Toxin and Consequences of Mono-O-GlcNAcylation of Ras in Living Cells. J Biol Chem, 287, 24929-40
Abstract¹²²

Jank T, Böhmer KE, Tzivelekidis T, Schwan C, Belyi Y, Aktories K (2012) Domain organization of Legionella effector SetA. Cell Microbiol, 14, 852-68
Abstract¹²³

Kaiser E, Böhm N, Ernst K, Langer S, Schwan C, Aktories K, Popoff M, Fischer G, Barth H (2012) FK506-binding protein 51 interacts with Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin and FK506 inhibits membrane translocation of the toxin in mammalian cells. Cell Microbiol, 14, 1193-205
Abstract¹²⁴

Papatheodorou P, Wilczek C, Nölke T, Guttenberg G, Hornuss D, Schwan C, Aktories K (2012) Identification of the cellular receptor of Clostridium spiroforme toxin. Infect Immun, 80, 1418-23
Abstract¹²⁵

Reipschläger S, Kubatzky K, Taromi S, Burger M, Orth J, Aktories K, Schmidt G (2012) Toxin-induced RhoA activity mediates CCL1-triggered signal transducers and activators of transcription protein signaling. J Biol Chem, 287, 11183-94
Abstract¹²⁶

Stankiewicz TR, Loucks FA, Schroeder EK, Nevalainen MT, Tyler KL, Aktories K, Bouchard RJ, Linseman DA (2012) Signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 mediates neuronal apoptosis induced by the inhibition of Rac GTPase activity. J Biol Chem, 287, 16835-48
Abstract¹²⁷

Reviews, Books

Aktories K, Schwan C, Papatheodorou P, Lang AE (2012) Bidirectional attack on the actin cytoskeleton. Bacterial protein toxins causing polymerization or depolymerization of actin. Toxicon, 60, 572-81
Abstract¹²⁸

Orth JH, Aktories K (2012) Molecular Biology of Pasteurella multocida Toxin. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 361, 73-92
Abstract¹²⁹

2011 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Dmochewitz L, Lillich M, Kaiser E, Jennings LD, Lang AE, Buchner J, Fischer G, Aktories K, Collier RJ, Barth H (2011) Role of CypA and Hsp90 in membrane translocation mediated by anthrax Protective Antigen. Cell Microbiol, 13, 359-73
Abstract¹³⁰

Genisyuerek S, Papatheodorou P, Guttenberg G, Schubert R, Benz R, Aktories K (2011) Structural determinants for membrane insertion, pore formation and translocation of Clostridium difficile toxin B. Mol Microbiol, 79, 1643-54
Abstract¹³¹

Guttenberg G, Papatheodorou P, Genisyuerek S, Lü W, Jank T, Einsle O, Aktories K (2011) Inositol hexakisphosphate-dependent processing of Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin and Clostridium novyi alpha-toxin. J Biol Chem, 286, 14779-86
Abstract¹³²

Jackson B, Peyrollier K, Pedersen E, Basse A, Karlsson R, Wang Z, Lefever T, Ochsenbein AM, Schmidt G, Aktories K, Stanley A, Quondamatteo F, Ladwein M, Rottner K, van Hengel J, Brakebusch C (2011) RhoA is dispensable for skin development, but crucial for contraction and directed migration of keratinocytes. Mol Biol Cell, 22, 593-605
Abstract¹³³

Kaiser E, Kroll C, Ernst K, Schwan C, Popoff M, Fischer G, Buchner J, Aktories K, Barth H (2011) Membrane translocation of binary actin-ADP-ribosylating toxins from Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens is facilitated by Cyclophilin A and Hsp90. Infect Immun, 79, 3913-21
Abstract¹³⁴

Maurer B, Mathias U, Papatheodorou P, Shekfeh S, Orth J, Jank T, Schwan C, Sippl W, Aktories K, Jung M (2011) From cosubstrate similarity to inhibitor diversity-inhibitors of ADP-ribosyltransferases from kinase inhibitor screening. Mol Biosyst, 7, 799-808
Abstract¹³⁵

Orth JH, Schorch B, Boundy S, Ffrench-Constant R, Kubick S, Aktories K (2011) Cell-free synthesis and characterization of a novel cytotoxic pierisin-like protein from the cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae. Toxicon, 57, 199-207
Abstract¹³⁶

Papatheodorou P, Carette JE, Bell GW, Schwan C, Guttenberg G, Brummelkamp TR, Aktories K (2011) Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) is the host receptor for the binary toxin Clostridium difficile transferase (CDT). Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A, 108, 16422-7
Abstract¹³⁷

Schwan C, Nöelke T, Kruppke AS, Schubert DM, Lang AE, Aktories K (2011) Cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich microdomains are essential for microtubule-based membrane protrusions induced by clostridium difficile transferase CDT. J Biol Chem, 286, 29356-65
Abstract¹³⁸

Sheets JJ, Hey TD, Fencil KJ, Burton SL, Ni W, Lang AE, Benz R, Aktories K (2011) Insecticidal toxin complex proteins from Xenorhabdus nematophilus: Structure and pore formation. J Biol Chem, 286, 22742-9
Abstract¹³⁹

Tzivelekidis T, Jank T, Pohl C, Schlosser A, Rospert S, Knudsen CR, Rodnina MV, Belyi Y, Aktories K (2011) Aminoacyl-tRNA-Charged Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 1A Is the Bona Fide Substrate for Legionella pneumophila Effector Glucosyltransferases. PLoS One, 6, e29525, 1-11
Abstract¹⁴⁰

Reviews, Books

Aktories K (2011) Bacterial protein toxins that modify host regulatory GTPases. Nat Rev Microbiol, 9, 487-98
Abstract¹⁴¹

Aktories K, Lang AE, Schwan C, Mannherz HG (2011) Actin as target for modification by bacterial protein toxins. FEBS J, 278, 4526-43
Abstract¹⁴²

Barth H, Aktories K (2011) New insights into the mode of action of the actin ADP-ribosylating virulence factors Salmonella enterica SpvB and Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin. Eur J Cell Biol, 90, 944-50
Abstract¹⁴³

Belyi Y, Jank T, Aktories K (2011) Effector glycosyltransferases in legionella. Front Microbiol, 2, 1-11
Abstract¹⁴⁴

Lang AE, Schmidt G, Sheets JJ, Aktories K (2011) Targeting of the actin cytoskeleton by insecticidal toxins from Photorhabdus luminescens. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 383, 227-35
Abstract¹⁴⁵

Schmidt G, Aktories K (2011) The priority program Signal Pathways to the Cytoskeleton and Bacterial Pathogenesis (SPP1150). Eur J Cell Biol, 90, 879
Abstract¹⁴⁶

2010 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Gündogdu MS, Liu H, Metzdorf D, Hildebrand D, Aigner M, Aktories K, Heeg K, Kubatzky KF (2010) The haematopoietic GTPase RhoH modulates IL3 signalling through regulation of STAT activity and IL3 receptor expression. Mol Cancer, 9, 225
Abstract¹⁴⁷

Lang AE, Schmidt G, Schlosser A, Hey TD, Larrinua IM, Sheets JJ, Mannherz HG, Aktories K (2010) Photorhabdus luminescens toxins ADP-ribosylate actin and RhoA to force actin clustering. Science, 327, 1139-42
Abstract¹⁴⁸

Lü W, Du J, Stahl M, Tzivelekidis T, Belyi Y, Gerhardt S, Aktories K, Einsle O (2010) Structural basis of the action of glucosyltransferase Lgt1 from Legionella pneumophila. J Mol Biol, 396, 321-31
Abstract¹⁴⁹

Papatheodorou P, Zamboglou C, Genisyuerek S, Guttenberg G, Aktories K (2010) Clostridial glucosylating toxins enter cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. PLoS One, 5, e10673, 1-8
Abstract¹⁵⁰

Preuß I, Hildebrand D, Orth JH, Aktories K, Kubatzky KF (2010) Pasteurella multocida toxin is a potent activator of anti-apoptotic signalling pathways. Cell Microbiol, 12, 1174-85
Abstract¹⁵¹

Sterthoff C, Lang AE, Schwan C, Tauch A, Aktories K (2010) Functional characterization of an extended binding component of the actin-ADP-ribosylating C2 toxin detected in Clostridium botulinum strain (C) 2300. Infect Immun, 78, 1468-74
Abstract¹⁵²

Stratmann H, Schwan C, Orth JH, Schmidt G, Aktories K (2010) Pleiotropic role of Rac in mast cell activation revealed by a cell permeable Bordetella dermonecrotic fusion toxin. Cell Signal, 22, 1124-31
Abstract¹⁵³

Reviews, Books

Belyi Y, Aktories K (2010) Bacterial toxin and effector glycosyltransferases. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1800, 134-43
Abstract¹⁵⁴

Orth JH, Aktories K (2010) Pasteurella multocida Toxin Activates Various Heterotrimeric G Proteins by Deamidation. Toxins, 2, 205-14
Abstract¹⁵⁵

2009 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Belyi Y, Stahl M, Sovkova I, Kaden P, Luy B, Aktories K (2009) Region of elongation factor 1A1 involved in substrate recognition by Legionella pneumophila glucosyltransferase LGT1-identification of LGT1 as a retaining glucosyltransferase. J Biol Chem, 284, 20167-74
Abstract¹⁵⁶

Egerer M, Giesemann T, Herrmann C, Aktories K (2009) Autocatalytic processing of Clostridium difficile toxin B: Binding of inositol hexakisphosphate. J Biol Chem, 284, 3389-95
Abstract¹⁵⁷

Knust Z, Blumenthal B, Aktories K, Schmidt G (2009) Cleavage of Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 is required for full biologic activity. Infect Immun, 77, 1835-41
Abstract¹⁵⁸

Orth JH, Preuß I, Fester I, Schlosser A, Wilson BA, Aktories K (2009) Pasteurella multocida toxin activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by deamidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A, 106, 7179-84
Abstract¹⁵⁹

Preuß I, Kurig B, Nürnberg B, Orth JH, Aktories K (2009) Pasteurella multocida toxin activates Gβγ dimers of heterotrimeric G proteins. Cell Signal, 21, 551-8
Abstract¹⁶⁰

Schwan C, Stecher B, Tzivelekidis T, van Ham M, Rohde M, Hardt WD, Wehland J, Aktories K (2009) Clostridium difficile toxin CDT induces formation of microtubule-based protrusions and increases adherence of bacteria. PLoS Pathog, 5, e1000626, 1-14
Abstract¹⁶¹

Reviews, Books

Orth JH, Aktories K (2009) Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by Pasteurella multocida toxin. Toxins and signalling, SFET, RT17, 45-50
E-Book RT¹⁶²

Orth JH, Schmidt G, Aktories K (2009) Bakterielle Toxine aktivieren GTPasen durch Deamidierung. Toxine und Signaling, BIOSpektrum, 5/2009, 501-3
5/2009¹⁶³

2008 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Belyi Y, Tabakova I, Stahl M, Aktories K (2008) Lgt: a family of cytotoxic glucosyltransferases produced by Legionella pneumophila. J. Bacteriol, 190, 3026-35
Abstract¹⁶⁴

Büch TR, Biebermann H, Kalwa H, Pinkenburg O, Hager D, Barth H, Aktories K, Breit A, Gudermann T (2008) G13-dependent Activation of MAPK by Thyrotropin. J Biol Chem, 283, 20330-41
Abstract¹⁶⁵

Giesemann T, Guttenberg G, Aktories K (2008) Human α-defensins inhibit Clostridium difficile toxin B. Gastroenterology, 134, 2049-58
Abstract¹⁶⁶

Hennig B, Orth J, Aktories K, Diener M (2008) Anion secretion evoked by Pasteurella multocida toxin across rat colon. Eur J Pharmacol, 583, 156-63
Abstract¹⁶⁷

Jank T, Ziegler MO, Schulz GE, Aktories K (2008) Inhibition of the glucosyltransferase activity of clostridial Rho/Ras-glucosylating toxins by castanospermine. FEBS Lett, 582, 2277-82
Abstract¹⁶⁸

Lang AE, Neumeyer T, Sun J, Collier RJ, Benz R, Aktories K (2008) Amino Acid Residues Involved in Membrane Insertion and Pore Formation of Clostridium botulinum C2 Toxin. Biochemistry, 47, 8406-13
Abstract¹⁶⁹

Neumeyer T, Schiffler B, Maier E, Lang AE, Aktories K, Benz R (2008) Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin. Identification of the binding site for chloroquine and related compounds and influence of the binding site on properties of the C2II channel. J Biol Chem, 283, 3904-14
Abstract¹⁷⁰

Orth JH, Fester I, Preuß I, Agnoletto L, Wilson BA, Aktories K (2008) Activation of Gα_i and subsequent uncoupling of receptor-Gα_i signaling by Pasteurella multocida toxin. J Biol Chem, 283, 23288-94
Abstract¹⁷¹

Sun J, Lang AE, Aktories K, Collier RJ (2008) Phenylalanine-427 of anthrax protective antigen functions in both pore formation and protein translocation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A, 105, 4346-51
Abstract¹⁷²

Treiber N, Reinert DJ, Carpusca I, Aktories K, Schulz GE (2008) Structure and mode of action of a mosquitocidal holotoxin. J Mol Biol, 381, 150-9
Abstract¹⁷³

Vogelsgesang M, Stieglitz B, Herrmann C, Pautsch A, Aktories K (2008) Crystal structure of the Clostridium limosum C3 exoenzyme. FEBS Lett, 582, 1032-6
Abstract¹⁷⁴

Ziegler MO, Jank T, Aktories K, Schulz GE (2008) Conformational changes and reaction of clostridial glycosylating toxins. J Mol Biol, 377, 1346-56
Abstract¹⁷⁵

Reviews, Books

Giesemann T, Aktories K (2008) Glucosylierende Toxine von Clostridium difficile. Hygiene Medizin, 33, 374-8.

Giesemann T, Egerer M, Jank T, Aktories K (2008) Processing of Clostridium difficile toxins. J Med Microbiol, 57, 690-6
Abstract¹⁷⁶

Jank T, Aktories K (2008) Structure and mode of action of clostridial glucosylating toxins: the ABCD model. Trends Microbiol, 16, 222-9
Abstract¹⁷⁷

2007 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Blumenthal B, Hoffmann C, Aktories K, Backert S, Schmidt G (2007) The Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factors from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (CNFY) and from Escherichia coli (CNF1) Bind to Different Cellular Receptors but Take the Same Route to the Cytosol. Infect Immun, 75, 3344-53
Abstract¹⁷⁸

Egerer M, Giesemann T, Jank T, Satchell KJ, Aktories K (2007) Auto-catalytic cleavage of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B depends on a cysteine protease activity. J Biol Chem, 282, 25314-21
Abstract¹⁷⁹

Hoffmann C, Aktories K, Schmidt G (2007) Change in Substrate Specificity of Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor Unmasks Proteasome-independent Down-regulation of Constitutively Active RhoA. J Biol Chem, 282, 10826-32
Abstract¹⁸⁰

Jank T, Giesemann T, Aktories K (2007) Clostridium difficile glucosyltransferase toxin B-essential amino acids for substrate binding. J Biol Chem, 282, 35222-31
Abstract¹⁸¹

Orth JH, Aktories K, Kubatzky KF (2007) Modulation of host cell gene expression through activation of stat transcription factors by pasteurella multocida toxin. J Biol Chem, 282, 3050-7
Abstract¹⁸²

Orth JH, Lang S, Preuß I, Milligan G, Aktories K (2007) Action of Pasteurella multocida toxin on Gα_q is persistent and independent of interaction with G-protein-coupled receptors. Cell Signal, 19, 2174-82
Abstract¹⁸³

Pust S, Hochmann H, Kaiser E, von Figura G, Heine K, Aktories K, Barth H (2007) A Cell-permeable Fusion Toxin as a Tool to Study the Consequences of Actin-ADP-ribosylation Caused by the Salmonella enterica Virulence Factor SpvB in Intact Cells. J Biol Chem, 282, 10272-82
Abstract¹⁸⁴

Reviews, Books

Aktories K (2007) Self-cutting to kill: new insights into the processing of toxins. ACS Chem Biol, 2, 228-30
Abstract¹⁸⁵

Jank T, Giesemann T, Aktories K (2007) Rho-glucosylating Clostridium difficile toxins A and B: new insights into structure and function. Glycobiology, 17, 15R-22R
Abstract¹⁸⁶

Vogelsgesang M, Pautsch A, Aktories K (2007) C3 exoenzymes, novel insights into structure and action of Rho-ADP-ribosylating toxins. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 374, 347-60
Abstract¹⁸⁷

2006 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Belyi Y, Niggeweg R, Opitz B, Vogelsgesang M, Hippenstiel S, Wilm M, Aktories K (2006) Legionella pneumophila glucosyltransferase inhibits host elongation factor 1A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 16953-8
Abstract¹⁸⁸

Blöcker D, Berod L, Fluhr JW, Orth J, Idzko M, Aktories K, Norgauer J (2006) Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) activates RhoGTPases, induces actin polymerization and inhibits migration of human dendritic cells, but does not influence macropinocytosis. Int Immunol, 18, 459-64
Abstract¹⁸⁹

Füller F, Bergo MO, Young SG, Aktories K, Schmidt G (2006) Endoproteolytic Processing of RhoA by Rce1 Is Required for the Cleavage of RhoA by Yersinia enterocolitica Outer Protein T. Infect Immun, 74, 1712-7
Abstract¹⁹⁰

Giesemann T, Jank T, Gerhard R, Maier E, Just I, Benz R, Aktories K (2006) Cholesterol-dependent pore formation of clostridium difficile toxin A. J Biol Chem, 28, 10808-15
Abstract¹⁹¹

Hochmann H, Pust S, von Figura G, Aktories K, Barth H (2006) Salmonella enterica SpvB ADP-Ribosylates Actin at Position Arginine-177-Characterization of the Catalytic Domain within the SpvB Protein and a Comparison to Binary Clostridial Actin-ADP-Ribosylating Toxins. Biochemistry, 45, 1271-7
Abstract¹⁹²

Jank T, Pack U, Giesemann T, Schmidt G, Aktories K (2006) Exchange of a single amino acid switches the substrate properties of RhoA and RhoD toward glucosylating and transglutaminating toxins. J Biol Chem, 281, 19527-35
Abstract¹⁹³

Kaiser E, Haug G, Hliscs M, Aktories K, Barth H (2006) Formation of a biologically active toxin complex of the binary Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin without cell membrane interaction. Biochemistry, 45, 13361-8
Abstract¹⁹⁴

Lessmann E, Grochowy G, Weingarten L, Giesemann T, Aktories K, Leitges M, Krystal G, Huber M (2006) Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 promote mast cell survival via activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway. Exp Hematol, 34, 1532-41
Abstract¹⁹⁵

Loucks FA, Le SS, Zimmermann AK, Ryan KR, Barth H, Aktories K, Linseman DA (2006) Rho family GTPase inhibition reveals opposing effects of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling cascades on neuronal survival. J Neurochem, 97, 957-67
Abstract¹⁹⁶

Majumder S, Schmidt G, Lohia A, Aktories K (2006) EhRho1, a RhoA-like GTPase of Entamoeba histolytica, is modified by clostridial glucosylating cytotoxins. Appl Environ Microbiol, 72, 7842-8
Abstract¹⁹⁷

Molinari G, Rohde M, Wilde C, Just I, Aktories K, Chhatwal GS (2006) Localization of the C3-Like ADP-ribosyltransferase from Staphylococcus aureus during bacterial invasion of mammalian cells. Infect Immun, 74, 3673-7
Abstract¹⁹⁸

Reinert DJ, Carpusca I, Aktories K, Schulz GE (2006) Structure of the Mosquitocidal Toxin from Bacillus sphaericus. J Mol Biol, 357, 1226-36
Abstract¹⁹⁹

Schleberger C, Hochmann H, Barth H, Aktories K, Schulz GE (2006) Structure and Action of the Binary C2 Toxin from Clostridium botulinum. J Mol Biol, 364, 705-15
Abstract²⁰⁰

Vogelsgesang M, Aktories K (2006) Exchange of glutamine-217 to glutamate of Clostridium limosum exoenzyme C3 turns the asparagine-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase into an arginine-modifying enzyme. Biochemistry, 45, 1017-25
Abstract²⁰¹

Reviews, Books

Aktories K (2006) Toxins as Tools. In: The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins (Third Edition). Joseph E. Alouf and Michel R. Popoff (eds.), Elsevier Ltd, 976-90
Abstract²⁰²

Carpusca I, Jank T, Aktories K (2006) Bacillus sphaericus mosquitocidal toxin (MTX) and pierisin: the enigmatic offspring from the family of ADP-ribosyltransferases. Mol Microbiol, 62, 621-30
Abstract²⁰³

Haug G, Barth H, Aktories K (2006) Purification and activity of the Rho ADP-ribosylating binary C2/C3 toxin. Methods Enzymol, 406, 117-27
Abstract²⁰⁴

2005 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Fortemaison N, Blancquaert S, Dumont JE, Maenhaut C, Aktories K, Roger PP, Dremier S (2005) Differential involvement of the actin cytoskeleton in differentiation and itogenesis of thyroid cells: inactivation of Rho proteins contributes to cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent gene expression but prevents mitogenesis. Endocrinology, 146, 5485-95
Abstract²⁰⁵

Jank T, Reinert DJ, Giesemann T, Schulz GE, Aktories K (2005) Change of the donor substrate specificity of Clostridium difficile toxin B by site-directed mutagenesis. J Biol Chem, 280, 37833-8
Abstract²⁰⁶

Le SS, Loucks FA, Udo H, Richardson-Burns S, Phelps RA, Bouchard RJ, Barth H, Aktories K, Tyler KL, Kandel ER, Heidenreich KA, Linseman DA (2005) Inhibition of Rac GTPase triggers a c-Jun- and Bim-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic cascade in cerebellar granule neurons. J Neurochem, 94, 1025-39
Abstract²⁰⁷

Orth JH, Lang S, Taniguchi M, Aktories K (2005) Pasteurella multocida toxin-induced activation of RhoA is mediated via two families of Ga proteins, Ga_q and Ga_12/13. J Biol Chem, 280, 36701-7
Abstract²⁰⁸

Pautsch A, Vogelsgesang M, Trankle J, Herrmann C, Aktories K (2005) Crystal structure of the C3bot-RalA complex reveals a novel type of action of a bacterial exoenzyme. EMBO J, 24, 3670-80
Abstract²⁰⁹

Reinert DJ, Jank T, Aktories K, Schulz GE (2005) Structural basis for the function of Clostridium difficile toxin B. J Mol Biol, 351, 973-81
Abstract²¹⁰

Reviews, Books

Aktories K (2005) Bacterial Protein Toxins as Tools in Cell Biology and Pharmacology. In: Cellular Microbiology. Cossart P, Boquet P, Normark S, Rappuoli R (eds.), ASM Press Washington, DC, second edition, 341-60.

Aktories K, Barbieri JT (2005) Bacterial cytotoxins: targeting eukaryotic switches. Nat Rev Microbiol, 3, 397-410
Abstract²¹¹

Aktories K, Just I (2005) Clostridial Rho-inhibiting protein toxins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 291, 113-45
Abstract²¹²

Barth H, Aktories K (2005) Clostridial cytotoxins. In: Handbook on Clostridia. Dürre P (ed.), Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, 407-49

Schmidt G, Aktories K (2005) Rho-activating toxins and growth regulation. In: Bacterial Protein Toxins. Role in the Interference with Cell Growth Regulation. Lax AJ (ed.), Advances in Molecular and Cellular Microbiology 7, Cambridge University Press, 33-52.

2004 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Averbeck M, Braun T, Pfeifer G, Sleeman J, Dudda J, Martin SF, Kremer B, Aktories K, Simon JC, Termeer C (2004) Early cytoskeletal rearrangement during dendritic cell maturation enhances synapse formation and Ca(2+) signaling in CD8(+) T cells. Eur J Immunol, 34, 2708-19
Abstract²¹³

Carpusca I, Schirmer J, Aktories K (2004) Two-site autoinhibition of the ADP-ribosylating mosquitocidal toxin (MTX) from Bacillus sphaericus by its 70-kDa ricin-like binding domain. Biochemistry, 43, 12009-19
Abstract²¹⁴

Haug G, Aktories K, Barth H (2004) The host cell chaperone Hsp90 is necessary for cytotoxic action of the binary iota-like toxins. Infect Immun, 72, 3066-8
Abstract²¹⁵

Hoffmann C, Pop M, Leemhuis J, Schirmer J, Aktories K, Schmidt G (2004) The Yersinia pseudotuberculosis cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNFY) selectively activates RhoA. J Biol Chem, 279, 16026-32
Abstract²¹⁶

Leemhuis J, Boutillier S, Barth H, Feuerstein TJ, Brock C, Nurnberg B, Aktories K, Meyer DK (2004) Rho GTPases and phosphoinositide 3-kinase organize formation of branched dendrites. J Biol Chem, 279, 585-96
Abstract²¹⁷

Orth JH, Lang S, Aktories K (2004) Action of Pasteurella multocida toxin depends on the helical domain of Gα_q. J Biol Chem, 279, 34150-5
Abstract²¹⁸

Pop M, Aktories K, Schmidt G (2004) Isotype-specific Degradation of Rac Activated by the Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1. J Biol Chem, 279, 35840-8
Abstract²¹⁹

Reviews, Books

Aktories K (2004) Bakterielle Toxine. In: Allgemeine und spezielle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie. Aktories, Förstermann, Hofmann, Starke (Hrsg.), Elsevier Urban & Fischer, 9. Auflage, 1089-103.

Aktories K, Barth H (2004) Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin - new insights into the cellular up-take of the actin-ADP-ribosylating toxin. Int J Med Microbiol, 293, 557-64
Abstract²²⁰

Aktories K, Barth H (2004) The actin-ADP-ribosylating Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin. Anaerobe, 10, 101-5
Abstract²²¹

Aktories K, und Unger C (2004) Mittel zur Behandlung von Tumoren – Tumorchemotherapie. In: Allgemeine und spezielle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie. Aktories, Förstermann, Hofmann, Starke (Hrsg.), Elsevier Urban & Fischer, 9. Auflage, 921-59.

Aktories K, Wilde C, Vogelsgesang M (2004) Rho-modifying C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferases. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol, 152, 1-22
Abstract²²²

Barth H, Aktories K, Popoff MR, Stiles BG (2004) Binary bacterial toxins: biochemistry, biology, and applications of common Clostridium and Bacillus proteins. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, 68, 373-402
Abstract²²³

Schirmer J, Aktories K (2004) Large clostridial cytotoxins: cellular biology of Rho/Ras-glucosylating toxins. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1673, 66-74
Abstract²²⁴

2003 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Bachmeyer C, Orlik F, Barth H, Aktories K, Benz R (2003) Mechanism of C2-toxin Inhibition by Fluphenazine and Related Compounds: Investigation of their Binding Kinetics to the C2II-channel using the Current Noise Analysis. J Mol Biol, 333, 527-40
Abstract²²⁵

Blöcker D, Bachmeyer C, Benz R, Aktories K, Barth H (2003) Channel Formation by the Binding Component of Clostridium botulinum C2 Toxin: Glutamate 307 of C2II Affects Channel Properties in Vitro and pH-Dependent C2I Translocation in Vivo. Biochemistry, 42, 5368-77
Abstract²²⁶

Blöcker D, Pohlmann K, Haug G, Bachmeyer C, Benz R, Aktories K, Barth H (2003) Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin: low pH-induced pore formation is required for translocation of the enzyme component C2I into the cytosol of host cells. J Biol Chem, 278, 37360-7
Abstract²²⁷

Djouder N, Aneiros E, Cavalié A, Aktories K (2003) Effects of large clostridial cytotoxins on activation of RBL 2H3-hm1 mast cells indicate common and different roles of Rac in FcεRI and M1-receptor signaling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 304, 1243-50
Abstract²²⁸

Frisch C, Gerhard R, Aktories K, Hofmann F, Just I (2003) The complete receptor-binding domain of Clostridium difficile toxin A is required for endocytosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 300, 706-11
Abstract²²⁹

Genth H, Gerhard R, Maeda A, Amano M, Kaibuchi K, Aktories K, Just I (2003) Entrapment of Rho ADP-ribosylated by Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme in the Rho-guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor-1 complex. J Biol Chem, 278, 28523-7
Abstract²³⁰

Genth H, Schmidt M, Gerhard R, Aktories K, Just I (2003) Activation of phospholipase D1 by ADP-ribosylated RhoA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 302, 127-32
Abstract²³¹

Gerhard R, John H, Aktories K, Just I (2003) Thiol-modifying phenylarsine oxide inhibits guanine nucleotide binding of Rho but not of Rac GTPases. Mol Pharmacol, 63, 1349-55
Abstract²³²

Geyer M, Wilde C, Selzer J, Aktories K, Kalbitzer HR (2003) Glucosylation of Ras by Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin: consequences for effector loop conformations observed by NMR spectroscopy. Biochemistry, 42, 11951-9
Abstract²³³

Haug G, Leemhuis J, Tiemann D, Meyer DK, Aktories K, Barth H (2003) The host cell chaperone Hsp90 is essential for translocation of the binary Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin into the cytosol. J Biol Chem, 278, 32266-74
Abstract²³⁴

Haug G, Wilde C, Leemhuis J, Meyer DK, Aktories K, Barth H (2003) Cellular uptake of Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin: membrane translocation of a fusion toxin requires unfolding of its dihydrofolate reductase domain. Biochemistry, 42, 15284-91
Abstract²³⁵

Orth JH Blöcker D, Aktories K (2003) His1205 and His1223 Are Essential for the Activity of the Mitogenic Pasteurella multocida Toxin. Biochemistry, 42, 4971-7
Abstract²³⁶

Pfeifer G, Schirmer J, Leemhuis J, Busch C, Meyer DK, Aktories K, Barth H (2003) Cellular uptake of Clostridium difficile toxin B. Translocation of the N-terminal catalytic domain into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. J Biol Chem, 278, 44535-41
Abstract²³⁷

Sorg I, Hoffmann C, Dumbach J, Aktories K, Schmidt G (2003) The C terminus of YopT is crucial for activity and the N terminus is crucial for substrate binding. Infect Immun, 71, 4623-32
Abstract²³⁸

Srinivasan S, Wang F, Glavas S, Ott A, Hofmann F, Aktories K, Kalman D, Bourne HR (2003) Rac and Cdc42 play distinct roles in regulating PI(3,4,5)P3 and polarity during neutrophil chemotaxis. J Cell Biol, 160, 375-85
Abstract²³⁹

Waschke J, Baumgartner W, Adamson RH, Zeng M, Aktories K, Barth H, Wilde C, Curry FE, Drenckhahn D (2003) Requirement of Rac Activity for Maintenance of Capillary Endothelial Barrier Properties. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 286, 394-401
Abstract²⁴⁰

Wilde C, Vogelsgesang M, Aktories K (2003) Rho-specific Bacillus cereus ADP-ribosyltransferase C3cer cloning and characterization. Infect Biochemistry, 42, 9694-702
Abstract²⁴¹

Reviews, Books

Aktories K, Schmidt G (2003) A new turn in Rho GTPase activation by Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factors. Trends Microbiol, 11, 152-5
Abstract²⁴²

2002 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Adamson RH, Curry FE, Adamson G, Liu B, Jiang Y, Aktories K, Barth H, Daigeler A, Golenhofen N, Ness W, Drenckhahn D (2002) Rho and rho kinase modulation of barrier properties: cultured endothelial cells and intact microvessels of rats and mice. J Physiol, 539, 295-308
Abstract²⁴³

Barth H, Roebling R, Fritz M, Aktories K (2002) The binary Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin as a protein delivery system: identification of the minimal protein region necessary for interaction of toxin components. J Biol Chem, 277, 5074-81
Abstract²⁴⁴

Carton I, Trouet D, Hermans D, Barth H, Aktories K, Droogmans G, Jorgensen NK, Hoffmann EK, Nilius B, Eggermont J (2002) RhoA exerts a permissive effect on volume-regulated anion channels in vascular endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 283, C115-25
Abstract²⁴⁵

Kerkhoff E, Leberfinger CB, Schmidt G, Aktories K, Rapp UR (2002) Diverse effects of RacV12 on cell transformation by Raf: partial inhibition of morphological transformation versus deregulation of cell cycle control. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1589, 151-9
Abstract²⁴⁶

Lerm M, Pop M, Fritz G, Aktories K, Schmidt G (2002) Proteasomal degradation of cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1-activated rac. Infect Immun, 70, 4053-8
Abstract²⁴⁷

Li X, Saint-Cyr-Proulx E, Aktories K, Lamarche-Vane N (2002) Rac1 and Cdc42 but not RhoA or Rho-kinase activities are required for neurite outgrowth induced by the Netrin-1 receptor DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells. J Biol Chem, 277, 15207-14
Abstract²⁴⁸

Riese MJ, Goehring UM, Ehrmantraut ME, Moss J, Barbieri JT, Aktories K, Schmidt G (2002) Auto-ADP-ribosylation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoS. J Biol Chem, 277, 12082-8
Abstract²⁴⁹

Schirmer J, Just I, Aktories K (2002) The ADP-ribosylating mosquitocidal toxin (MTX) from Bacillus sphaericus - proteolytic activation, enzyme activity and cytotoxic effects. J Biol Chem, 277, 11941-8
Abstract²⁵⁰

Schirmer J, Wieden HJ, Rodnina MV, Aktories K (2002) Inactivation of the Elongation Factor Tu by Mosquitocidal Toxin-Catalyzed Mono-ADP-Ribosylation. Appl Environ Microbiol, 68, 4894-9
Abstract²⁵¹

Wilde C, Barth H, Sehr P, Han L, Schmidt M, Just I, Aktories K (2002) Interaction of the Rho-ADP-ribosylating C3 Exoenzyme with RalA. J Biol Chem, 277, 14771-6
Abstract²⁵²

Wilde C, Just I, Aktories K (2002) Structure-function analysis of the Rho-ADP-ribosylating exoenzyme C3stau2 from Staphylococcus aureus. Biochemistry, 41, 1539-44
Abstract²⁵³

Reviews, Books

Barth H, Blocker D, Aktories K (2002) The uptake machinery of clostridial actin ADP-ribosylating toxins - a cell delivery system for fusion proteins and polypeptide drugs. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 366, 501-12
Abstract²⁵⁴

Barbieri JT, Riese MJ, Aktories K (2002) Bacterial toxins that modify the actin cytoskeleton. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, 18, 315-44
Abstract²⁵⁵

Wilde C, Chhatwal GS, Aktories K (2002) C3stau, a new member of the family of C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferases. Trends Microbiol, 10, 5-7
Abstract²⁵⁶

2001 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Bachmeyer C, Benz R, Barth H, Aktories K, Gilbert M, Popoff MR (2001) Interaction of Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin with lipid bilayer membranes and Vero cells: inhibition of channel function by chloroquine and related compounds in vitro and intoxification in vivo. FASEB J, 15, 1658-60
Abstract²⁵⁷

Ballweber E, Galla M, Aktories K, Yeoh S, Weeds AG, Mannherz HG (2001) Interaction of ADP-ribosylated actin with actin binding proteins. FEBS Lett, 508, 131-5
Abstract²⁵⁸

Barth H, Pfeifer G, Hofmann F, Maier E, Benz R, Aktories K (2001) Low pH-induced formation of ion channels by Clostridium difficile toxin B in target cells. J Biol Chem, 276, 10670-6
Abstract²⁵⁹

Blöcker D, Behlke J, Aktories K, Barth H (2001) Cellular uptake of the Clostridium perfringens binary iota-toxin. Infect Immun, 69, 2980-7
Abstract²⁶⁰

Busch C, Orth J, Djouder N, Aktories K (2001) Biological activity of a C-terminal fragment of Pasteurella multocida toxin. Infect Immun, 69, 3628-34
Abstract²⁶¹

Clerk A, Pham FH, Fuller SJ, Sahai E, Aktories K, Marais R, Marshall C, Sugden PH (2001) Regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in cardiac myocytes through the small G protein Rac1. Mol Cell Biol, 21, 1173-84
Abstract²⁶²

Djouder N, Schmidt G, Frings M, Cavalié A, Thelen M, Aktories K (2001) Rac and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulate the protein kinase B in FcεRI signaling in RBL 2H3 mast cells. J Immunol, 166, 1627-34
Abstract²⁶³

Dreikhausen U, Varga G, Hofmann F, Barth H, Aktories K, Resch K, Szamel M (2001) Regulation by rho family GTPases of IL-1 receptor induced signaling: C3-like chimeric toxin and Clostridium difficile toxin B inhibit signaling pathways involved in IL-2 gene expression. Eur J Immunol, 31, 1610-9
Abstract²⁶⁴

Gülke I, Pfeifer G, Liese J, Fritz M, Hofmann F, Aktories K, Barth H (2001) Characterization of the Enzymatic Component of the ADP-Ribosyltransferase Toxin CDTa from Clostridium difficile. Infect Immun, 69, 6004-11
Abstract²⁶⁵

Klussmann E, Tamma G, Lorenz D, Wiesner B, Maric K, Hofmann F, Aktories K, Valenti G, Rosenthal W (2001) An inhibitory role of Rho in the vasopressin-mediated translocation of aquaporin-2 into cell membranes of renal principal cells. J Biol Chem, 276, 20451-7
Abstract²⁶⁶

Linseman DA, Laessig T, Meintzer MK, McClure M, Barth H, Aktories K, Heidenreich KA (2001) An essential role for Rac/Cdc42 GTPases in cerebellar granule neuron survival. J Biol Chem, 276, 39123-31
Abstract²⁶⁷

Schmidt G, Goehring UM, Schirmer J, Uttenweiler-Joseph S, Wilm M, Lohmann M, Giese A, Schmalzing G, Aktories K (2001) Lysine and polyamines are substrates for transglutamination of Rho by the Bordetella dermonecrotic toxin. Infect Immun, 69, 7663-70
Abstract²⁶⁸

Schnittler HJ, Schneider SW, Raifer H, Luo F, Dieterich P, Just I, Aktories K (2001) Role of actin filaments in endothelial cell-cell adhesion and membrane stability under fluid shear stress. Pflügers Arch, 442, 675-87
Abstract²⁶⁹

Sorg I, Goehring UM, Aktories K, Schmidt G (2001) Recombinant Yersinia YopT leads to uncoupling of RhoA-effector interaction. Infect Immun, 69, 7535-43
Abstract²⁷⁰

Tamma G, Klussmann E, Maric K, Aktories K, Svelto M, Rosenthal W, Valenti G (2001) The small GTP-binding protein Rho inhibits cAMP-induced translocation of aquaporin-2 into the apical membrane of renal cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 281, 1092-101
Abstract²⁷¹

Walev I, Bhakdi SC, Hofmann F, Djonder N, Valeva A, Aktories K, Bhakdi S (2001) Delivery of proteins into living cells by reversible membrane permeabilization with streptolysin-O. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 98, 3185-90
Abstract²⁷²

Wilde C, Chhatwal GS, Schmalzing G, Aktories K, Just I (2001) A novel C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase from Staphylococcus aureus modifying RhoE and Rnd3. J Biol Chem, 276, 9537-42
Abstract²⁷³

Reviews, Books

Wilde C, Aktories K (2001) The Rho-ADP-ribosylating C3 exoenzyme from Clostridium botulinum and related C3-like transferases. Toxicon, 39, 1647-60
Abstract²⁷⁴

2000 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Barth H, Blöcker D, Behlke J, Bergsma-Schutter W, Brisson A, Benz R, Aktories K (2000) Cellular uptake of Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin requires oligomerization and acidification. J Biol Chem, 275, 18704-11
Abstract²⁷⁵

Blöcker D, Barth H, Maier E, Benz R, Barbieri JT, Aktories K (2000) The C terminus of component C2II of Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin is essential for receptor binding. Infect Immun, 68, 4566-73
Abstract²⁷⁶

Busch C, Hofmann F, Gerhard R, Aktories K (2000) Involvement of a conserved tryptophan residue in the UDP-glucose binding of large clostridial cytotoxin glycosyltransferases. J Biol Chem, 275, 13228-34
Abstract²⁷⁷

Busch C, Schömig K, Hofmann F Aktories K (2000) Characterization of the catalytic domain of Clostridium novyi α-toxin. Infect Immun, 68, 6378-83
Abstract²⁷⁸

Djouder N, Prepens U, Aktories K, Cavalié A (2000) Inhibition of calcium release-activated calcium current by Rac/Cdc42-inactivating clostridial cytotoxins in RBL cells. J Biol Chem, 275, 18732-8
Abstract²⁷⁹

Eckhardt M, Barth H, Blöcker D, Aktories K (2000) Binding of Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin to asparagine-linked complex and hybrid carbohydrates. J Biol Chem, 275, 2328-34
Abstract²⁸⁰

Genth H, Selzer J, Busch C, Dumbach J, Hofmann F, Aktories K, Just I (2000) New method to generate enzymatically deficient Clostridium difficile toxin B as an antigen for immunization. Infect Immun, 68, 1094-101
Abstract²⁸¹

Gnad R, Aktories K, Kaina B, Fritz G (2000) Inhibition of protein isoprenylation impairs rho-regulated early cellular response to genotoxic stress. Mol Pharmacol, 58, 1389-97
Abstract²⁸²

Krall R, Schmidt G, Aktories K, Barbieri JT (2000) Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoT Is a Rho GTPase-Activating Protein. Infect Immun, 68, 6066-8
Abstract²⁸³

Meyer DK, Olenik C, Hofmann F, Barth H, Leemhuis J, Brünig I, Aktories K, Nörenberg W (2000) Regulation of somatodendritic GABA_A receptor channels in rat hippocampal neurons: Evidence for a role of the small GTPase Rac1. J Neurosci, 20, 6743-51
Abstract²⁸⁴

Mukherjee S, Gurevich VV, Jones JC, Casanova JE, Frank SR, Maizels ET, Bader MF, Kahn RA, Palczewski K, Aktories K, Hunzicker-Dunn M (2000) The ADP ribosylation factor nucleotide exchange factor ARNO promotes β-arrestin release necessary for luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor desensitization. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 97, 5901-6
Abstract²⁸⁵

von Pawel-Rammingen U, Telepnev MV, Schmidt G, Aktories K, Wolf-Watz H, Rosqvist R (2000) GAP activity of the Yersinia YopE cytotoxin specifically targets the Rho pathway: a mechanism for disruption of actin microfilament structure. Mol Microbiol, 36, 737-48
Abstract²⁸⁶

Wahl S, Barth H, Ciossek T, Aktories K, Mueller BK (2000) Ephrin-A5 induces collapse of growth cones by activating Rho and Rho kinase. J Cell Biol, 149, 263-70
Abstract²⁸⁷

Wilde C, Genth H, Aktories K, Just I (2000) Recognition of RhoA by Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme. J Biol Chem, 275, 16478-83
Abstract²⁸⁸

Reviews, Books

Aktories K (2000) Bacterial protein toxins as tools in cell biology and pharmacology. In: Cellular Microbiology. Cossart P, Boquet P, Normark S, Rappuoli R (eds.), ASM Press, Washington, 221-37.

Aktories K, Barth H, Just I (2000) Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme and C3-like transferases. In: Bacterial Protein Toxins. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacologie. Aktories K, Just I (eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 207-33.

Aktories K, Schmidt G, Just I (2000) Rho GTPases as targets of bacterial protein toxins. Biol Chem, 381, 421-6

Busch C, Aktories K (2000) Microbial toxins and the glycosylation of rho family GTPases. Curr Opin Struct Biol, 10, 528-35
Abstract²⁸⁹

Just I, Boquet P (2000) Large clostridial cytotoxins as tools in cell biology. In: Clostridium difficile. Aktories K, Wilkins TD (eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin.

Just I, Hofmann F, Aktories K (2000) Molecular mechanisms of action of the large clostridial cytotoxins. In: Bacterial Protein Toxins. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacologie. Aktories K, Just I (eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 307-31.

Just I, Hofmann F, Aktories K (2000) Molecular mode of action of the large clostridial cytotoxins. In: Clostridium difficile. Aktories K, Wilkins TD (eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin.

Lerm M, Schmidt G, Aktories K (2000) Bacterial protein toxins targeting Rho GTPases. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 188, 1-6
Abstract²⁹¹

Schmidt G, Aktories K (2000) Rho GTPase-activating toxins: cytotoxic necrotizing factors and dermonecrotic toxin. Methods Enzymol, 325, 125-36
Abstract²⁹²

Schmidt G, Aktories K (2000) Purification and in vitro assays for bacterial toxins that activate Rho GTPases. In: Methods in Enzymology: Regulators and Effectors of Small GTPases. Balch WE, Der CJ, Hall A (eds.), Academic Press, San Diego, 125-36.

1999 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Barth H, Klingler M, Aktories K, Kinzel V (1999) Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin delays entry into mitosis and activation of p34cdc2 kinase and cdc25-C phosphatase in HeLa cells. Infect Immun, 67, 5083-90
Abstract²⁹³

Barth H, Olenik C, Sehr P, Schmidt G, Aktories K, Meyer DK (1999) Neosynthesis and activation of Rho by Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF1) reverse cytopathic effects of ADP-ribosylated Rho. J Biol Chem, 274, 27407-14
Abstract²⁹⁴

Genth H, Aktories K, Just I (1999) Monoglucosylation of RhoA at threonine 37 blocks cytosol-membrane cycling. J Biol Chem, 274, 29050-6
Abstract²⁹⁵

Goehring UM, Schmidt G, Pederson KJ, Aktories K, Barbieri JT (1999) The N-terminal domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoenzyme S is a GTPase-activating protein for Rho GTPases. J Biol Chem, 274, 36369-72
Abstract²⁹⁶

Lerm M, Schmidt G, Goehring UM, Schirmer J, Aktories K (1999) Identification of the region of Rho involved in substrate recognition by Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1. J Biol Chem, 274, 28999-9004
Abstract²⁹⁷

Lerm M, Selzer J, Hoffmeyer A, Rapp UR, Aktories K, Schmidt G (1999) Deamidation of Cdc42 and Rac by Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1: activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in HeLa cells. Infect Immun, 67, 496-503
Abstract²⁹⁸

Nilius B, Voets T, Prenen J, Barth H, Aktories K, Kaibuchi K, Droogmans G, Eggermont J (1999) Role of Rho and Rho kinase in the activation of volume-regulated anion channels in bovine endothelial cells. J Physiol (Lond.), 516, 67-74
Abstract²⁹⁹

Nörenberg W, Hofmann F, Illes P, Aktories K, Meyer DK (1999) Rundown of somatodendritic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels in rat hippocampal neurones: evidence for a role of the small GTPase RhoA. Br J Pharmacol, 127, 1060-3
Abstract³⁰⁰

Olenik C, Aktories K, Meyer DK (1999) Differential expression of the small GTP-binding proteins RhoA, RhoB, Cdc42u and Cdc42b in developing rat neocortex. Mol Brain Res, 70, 9-17
Abstract³⁰¹

Pederson KJ, Vallis AJ, Aktories K, Frank DW, Barbieri JT (1999) The amino-terminal domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoS disrupts actin filaments via small-molecular-weight GTP-binding proteins. Mol Microbiol, 32, 393-401
Abstract³⁰²

Rose F, Kürth-Landwehr C, Sibelius U, Reuner KH, Aktories K, Seeger W, Grimminger F (1999) Role of actin depolymerization in the surfactant secretory response of alveolar epithelial type II cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 159, 206-12
Abstract³⁰³

Schmidt G, Goehring UM, Schirmer J, Lerm M, Aktories K, (1999) Identification of the C-terminal part of Bordetella dermonecrotic toxin as a transglutaminase for rho GTPases. J Biol Chem, 274, 31875-81
Abstract³⁰⁴

Reviews, Books

Aepfelbacher M, Aktories K (1999) Intra- und interzelluläre Strukturen. In: Pathophysiologie, Pathobiochemie. Pfreundschuh und Schölmerich (eds.), Urban & Fischer, 18-25.

Aktories K, Schmidt G, Hofmann F (1999) GTPases targetted by bacterial toxins. In: GTPases. Hall A (ed.), Oxford University Press, 311-31.

1998 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Barth H, Hofmann F, Olenik C, Just I, Aktories K (1998) The N-terminal part of the enzyme component (C2I) of the binary Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin interacts with the binding component C2II and functions as a carrier system for a Rho ADP-ribosylating C3-like fusion toxin. Infect Immun, 66, 1364-9
Abstract³⁰⁵

Barth H, Preiss JC, Hofmann F, Aktories K (1998) Characterization of the catalytic site of the ADP-ribosyltransferase Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin by site-directed mutagenesis. J Biol Chem, 273, 29506-11
Abstract³⁰⁶

Ben-Ami G, Ozeri V, Hanski E, Hofmann F, Aktories K, Hahn KM, Bokoch GM, Rosenshine I (1998) Agents that inhibit Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 do not block formation of actin pedestals in HeLa cells infected with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect Immun, 66, 1755-8
Abstract³⁰⁷

Busch C, Hofmann F, Selzer J, Munro S, Jeckel D, Aktories K (1998) A common motif of eukaryotic glycosyltransferases is essential for the enzyme activity of large clostridial cytotoxins. J Biol Chem, 273, 19566-72
Abstract³⁰⁸

Gerhard R, Schmidt G, Hofmann F, Aktories K (1998) Activation of Rho GTPases by Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 increases intestinal permeability in Caco-2 cells. Infect Immun, 66, 5125-31
Abstract³⁰⁹

Hofmann F, Busch C, Aktories K (1998) Chimeric clostridial cytotoxins: identification of the N-terminal region involved in proteine substrate recognition. Infect Immun, 66, 1076-81
Abstract³¹⁰

Lucius C, Arner A, Steusloff A, Troschka M, Hofmann F, Aktories K, Pfitzer G (1998) Clostridium difficile toxin B inhibits carbachol-induced force and myosin light chain phosphorylation in guinea-pig smooth muscle: role of Rho proteins. J Physiol, 506, 83-93
Abstract³¹¹

Schmid G, Schürmann A, Huppertz C, Hofmann F, Aktories K, Joost HG (1998) Inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 cells by Clostridium difficile toxin B, Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin, and Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol, 357, 385-92
Abstract³¹²

Schmidt G, Selzer J, Lerm M, Aktories K (1998) The Rho-deamidating cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 from Escherichia coli possesses transglutaminase activity. Cysteine 866 and histidine 881 are essential for enzyme activity. J Biol Chem, 273, 13669-74
Abstract³¹³

Prepens U, Barth H, Wilting J, Aktories K (1998) Influence of Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin on FcεRI-mediated secretion and tyrosine phosphorylation in RBL cells. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 357, 323-30
Abstract³¹⁴

Sehr P, Joseph G, Genth H, Just I, Pick E, Aktories K (1998) Glucosylation and ADP ribosylation of Rho proteins: effects on nucleotide binding, GTPase activity, and effector coupling. Biochemistry, 37, 5296-304
Abstract³¹⁵

Tsakiridis T, Bergman A, Somwar R, Taha C, Aktories K, Cruz TF, Klip A, Downey GP (1998) Actin filaments facilitate insulin activation of the src and collagen homologous/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway leading to DNA synthesis and c-fos expression. J Biol Chem, 273, 28322-31
Abstract³¹⁶

Reviews, Books

Aktories K (1998) Bacterial toxins controlling Rho-GTPases. In: G proteins, cytoskeleton and cancer. Maruta H, Kohama K (eds.), RG. Landes Company, 343-54.

Aktories K (1998) How bacterial toxins affect the intestinal mucosa: molecular mechanism of the action of Clostridium difficile toxins. In: Gut and the liver. Blum HE, Bode Ch, Bode JCh, Sartor RB (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 185-94.

Schmidt G, Aktories K (1998) Bacterial Cytotoxins Target Rho GTPases. Naturwissenschaften, 85, 253-61.

1997 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Hofmann F, Busch C, Prepens U, Just I, Aktories K (1997) Localization of the glucosyltransferase activity of Clostridium difficile toxin B to the N-terminal part of holotoxin. J Biol Chem, 272, 11074-8
Abstract³¹⁷

Koch G, Benz C, Schmidt G, Olenik C, Aktories K (1997) Role of Rho protein in lovastatin-induced breakdown of actin cytoskeleton. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 283, 901-9
Abstract³¹⁸

Kowluru A, Li G, Rabaglia ME, Segu VB, Hofmann F, Aktories K, Metz SA (1997) Evidence for differential roles of the Rho subfamily of GTP-binding proteins in glucose- and calcium-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells. Biochem Pharmacol, 54, 1097-108
Abstract³¹⁹

Olenik C, Barth H, Just I, Aktories K, Meyer DK (1997) Gene expression of the small GTP binding proteins RhoA, RhoB, Rac1, and Cdc42 in adult brain. Mol Brain Res, 52, 272-9
Abstract³²⁰

Otto B, Steusloff A, Just I, Aktories K, Pfitzer G (1997) Role of Rho proteins in carbachol-induced contractions in intact and permeabilized guinea pig intestinal smooth muscle. J Physiol (Lond.), 496, 317-29
Abstract³²¹

Schmidt G, Sehr P, Wilm M, Selzer J, Mann M, Aktories K (1997) Deamidation of Gln63 of Rho induced by Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1. Nature, 387, 725-9
Abstract³²²

Verschueren H, de Baetselier P, de Braekeleer J, Dewitt J, Aktories K, Just I (1997) ADP-ribosylation of Rho-proteins with botulinum C3 exoenzyme inhibits invasion and shape changes of T-lymphoma cells. Eur J Cell Biol, 73, 182-7
Abstract³²³

Wex CBA, Koch G, Aktories K (1997) Effects of Clostridium botulinum C2-toxin-induced depolymerisation of actin on degranulation of suspended and attached cells. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol, 355, 319-27
Abstract³²⁴

Wex CBA, Koch G, Aktories K (1997) Effects of Clostridium difficile toxin B on activation of rat peritoneal mast cells. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol, 355, 328-34
Abstract³²⁵

Reviews, Books

Aktories K (1997) Bacterial toxins that target Rho proteins. J Clin Invest, 99, 827-9
Abstract³²⁶

Aktories K (1997) Modifikation von Rho-GTPasen durch bakterielle Toxine. Biospektrum, 6, 16-8.

Aktories K (1997) Rho proteins: targets for bacterial toxins and regulators of bacterial invasion. Trends Microbiol, 5, 282-8
Abstract³²⁷

Aktories K (1997) Rho-Proteine: Molekulare Schalter und Substrate bakterieller Toxine. Glukosylierung von Rho-Proteinen durch Clostridium difficile Toxine. DGPT-Forum, 22-8.

Aktories K, Koch G (1997) Clostridium botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase C3. In: Bacterial Toxins. Aktories K (ed.), Chapman & Hall, Weinheim, 61-9.

Aktories K, Sehr P, Just I (1997) Actin-ADP-ribosylating toxins: Cytotoxic mechanism of Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin and Clostridium perfringens iota toxin. In: Bacterial Toxins. Aktories K (ed.), Chapman & Hall, Weinheim, 93-101.

Aktories K, Selzer J, Hofmann F, Just I (1997) Molecular mechanism of Clostridium difficile toxin A and B. In: Molecular Genetics and Pathogenesis of the Clostridia. Rodd J, Songer G, McClane B, Titball R (eds.), Academic Press , London, 393-407.

Aktories K, Prepens U, Sehr P, Just I (1997) Probing the actin cytoskeleton by Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin and Clostridium perfringens iota toxin. In: Bacterial Toxins. Aktories K (ed.), Chapman & Hall, Weinheim, 129-39.

Bacterial Toxins. Aktories K (ed.) (1997) Chapman & Hall, Weinheim.

Just I, Selzer J, Hofmann K, Aktories K (1997) Clostridium difficile toxin B as a probe for Rho GTPases. In: Bacterial Toxins. Aktories K (ed.), Chapman & Hall, Weinheim, 159-68.

1996 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Böhmer J, Jung M, Sehr P, Fritz G, Popoff M, Just I, Aktories K (1996) Active site mutation of the C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase from Clostridium limosum - Analysis of glutamic acid 174. Biochemistry, 35, 282-9
Abstract³²⁸

Geipel U, Just I, Aktories K (1996) ADP-ribosylation of an ~70 kDa protein of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infect Immun, 64, 1720-3
Abstract³²⁹

Genth H, Hofmann F, Selzer J, Rex G, Aktories K, Just I (1996) Difference in protein substrate specificity between hemorrhagic toxin and lethal toxin from Clostridium sordellii. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 229, 370-4
Abstract³³⁰

Hofmann F, Rex G, Aktories K, Just I (1996)The Ras-related protein Ral is monoglucosylated by Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 227, 77-81
Abstract³³¹

Just I, Selzer J, Hofmann F, Green GA, Aktories K (1996) Inactivation of Ras by Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin-catalyzed glucosylation. J Biol Chem, 271, 10149-53
Abstract³³²

Prepens U, Just I, von Eichel-Streiber C, Aktories K (1996) Inhibition of FcεRI-mediated activation of RBL cells by Clostridium difficile toxin B (mono-glucosyltransferase). J Biol Chem, 271, 7324-9
Abstract³³³

Sehr P, Just I, Aktories K (1996) ADP-ribosylation of actin by Clostridium perfringens iota toxin and turkey erythrocyte ADP-ribosyltransferase A: Effects on profilin-regulated nucleotide exchange and ATPase activity. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol, 354, 693-7
Abstract³³⁴

Selzer J, Hofmann F, Rex G, Wilm M, Mann M, Just I, Aktories K (1996) Clostridium novyi a-toxin catalyzed incorporation of GlcNAc into Rho subfamily proteins. J Biol Chem, 271, 25173-7
Abstract³³⁵

van Damme J, Jung M, Hofmann F, Just I, Vandekerckhove J, Aktories K (1996) Analysis of the catalytic site of the actin ADP-ribosylating Clostridium perfringens iota toxin. FEBS Lett, 380, 291-5
Abstract³³⁶

1995... 2024¹ 2023² 2022³ 2021⁴ 2020⁵ 2019⁶ 2018⁷ 2017⁸ 2016⁹ 2015¹⁰ 2014¹¹ 2013¹² 2012¹³ 2011¹⁴ 2010¹⁵ 2009¹⁶ 2008¹⁷ 2007¹⁸ 2006¹⁹ 2005²⁰ 2004²¹ 2003²² 2002²³ 2001²⁴ 2000²⁵ 1999²⁶ 1998²⁷ 1997²⁸ 1996²⁹ 1995³⁰...

Fritz G, Kaina B, Aktories K (1995) The Ras-related small GTP-binding protein RhoB is immediate-early inducible by DNA-damaging treatments. J Biol Chem, 270, 25172-7
Abstract³³⁷

Fritz G, Schroeder P, Aktories K (1995) Isolation and characterization of Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin-resistant cell line: Evidence for a possible involvement of the cellular C2II-receptor in growth regulation. Infect Immun, 63, 2334-40
Abstract³³⁸

Just I, Sehr P, Jung M, van Damme H, Puype M, Vandekerckhove J, Moss J, Aktories K (1995) ADP-ribosyltransferase type A from turkey erythrocytes modifies actin at Arg-95 and Arg-372. Biochemistry, 34, 326-33
Abstract³³⁹

Just I, Selzer J, Jung M, van Damme J, Vandekerckhove,J, Aktories K (1995) Rho-ADP-ribosylating exoenzyme from Bacillus cereus -purification, characterization and identification of the NAD-binding site. Biochemistry, 34,334-40
Abstract³⁴⁰

Just I, Selzer J, von Eichel-Streiber C, Aktories K (1995) The low-molecular-mass GTP-binding protein Rho is affected by toxin A from Clostridium difficile. J Clin Invest, 95, 1026-31
Abstract³⁴¹

Just I, Selzer J, Wilm M, von Eichel-Streiber C, Mann M, Aktories K (1995) Glucosylation of Rho proteins by Clostridium difficile toxin B. Nature, 375, 500-3
Abstract³⁴²

Just I, Wilm M, Selzer J, Rex G, von Eichel-Streiber C, Mann M, Aktories K (1995) The enterotoxin from Clostridium difficile (ToxA) monoglucosylates the Rho proteins. J Biol Chem, 270, 13932-6
Abstract³⁴³

Melamed I, Turner CE, Aktories K, Kaplan DR, Gelfand EW (1995) Nerve Growth factor triggers microfilament assembly and paxillin phosphorylation in human B lymphocytes. J Exp Med, 181, 1071-9
Abstract³⁴⁴

Schmalzing G, Richter HP, Hansen H, Aktories K (1995) Involvement of the GTP-binding protein Rho in endocytosis of Xenopus oocytes. J Cell Biol, 130, 1319-32
Abstract³⁴⁵

Fritz G, Aktories K (1994) ADP-ribosylation of Rho protein by Clostridium botulinum exoenzyme C3 is influenced by phosphorylation of Rho-associated factors. Biochem J, 300, 133-9
Abstract³⁴⁶

Just I, Fritz G, Aktories K, Giry M, Popoff MR, Boquet P, Hegenbarth S, von Eichel-Streiber C (1994) Clostridium difficile toxin B acts on the GTP-binding protein Rho. J Biol Chem, 269, 10706-12
Abstract³⁴⁷

Just I, Wollenberg P, Moss J, Aktories K (1994) Cysteine-specific ADP-ribosylation of actin. Eur J Biochem, 221, 1047-54
Abstract³⁴⁸

Schmid A, Benz R, Just I, Aktories K (1994) Interaction of Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin with lipid bilayer membranes: Formation of cation-selective channels and inhibition of channel function by chloroquine. J Biol Chem, 269, 16706-11
Abstract³⁴⁹

Jung M, Just I, van Damme J, Vandekerckhove J, Aktories K (1993) NAD-binding site of the C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase from Clostridium limosum. J Biol Chem, 268, 23215-18
Abstract³⁵⁰

Just I, Hennessey ES, Drummond DR, Aktories K, Sparrow JC (1993) ADP-ribosylation of Drosophila indirect flight muscle actin and arthrin by Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin and Clostridium perfringens iota toxin. Biochem J, 291, 409-12
Abstract³⁵¹

Just I, Wille M, Chaponnier C, Aktories K (1993) Gelsolin-actin complex is target for ADP-ribosylation by Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin in intact human neutrophils. Eur J Pharmacol, 246, 293-7
Abstract³⁵²

Just I, Mohr C, Schallehn G, Menard L, Didsbury JR, Vandekerckhove J, van Damme J, Aktories K (1992) Purification and characterization of an ADP-ribosyltransferase produced by Clostridium limosum. J Biol Chem, 267, 10274-80
Abstract³⁵³

Wille M, Just I, Wegner A, Aktories K (1992) ADP-ribosylation of the gelsolin-actin complex by clostridial toxins. J Biol Chem, 267, 50-5
Abstract³⁵⁴

Grimminger F, Sibelius U, Aktories K, Just I, Seeger W (1991) Suppression of cytoskeletal rearrangement in activated human neutrophils by botulinum C2 toxin. Impact on cellular signal transduction. J Biol Chem, 266, 19276-82
Abstract³⁵⁵

Suttorp N, Polley M, Seybold J, Schnittler H, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Aktories K (1991) Adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation of G-actin by botulinum C2 toxin increases endothelial permeability in vitro. J Clin Invest, 87, 1575-84
Abstract³⁵⁶

Wiegers W, Just I, Müller H, Hellwig A, Traub P, Aktories K (1991) Alteration of the cytoskeleton of mammalian cells cultured in vitro by Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin and C3 ADP-ribosyltransferase. Eur J Cell Biol, 54, 237-45
Abstract³⁵⁷

Paterson HF, Self AJ, Garrett MD, Just I, Aktories K, Hall A (1990) Microinjection of recombinant p21Rho induces rapid changes in cell morphology. J Cell Biol, 111, 1001-7
Abstract³⁵⁸

Aktories K, Bärmann M, Ohishi I, Tsuyama S, Jakobs KH, Habermann E (1986) Botulinum C2 toxin ADP-ribosylates actin. Nature, 322, 390-2
Abstract³⁵⁹

Reviews, Books

Aktories K, Just I (1995) In vitro ADP-ribosylation of Rho by bacterial ADP-ribosyltransferases. In: Small GTPases and their Regulators. Balch WE, Der CJ, Hall A (eds.), Methods in Enzymology, 256, 184-95.

Aktories K, Just I (1995) Monoglucosylation of low-molecular-mass GTP-binding Rho proteins by clostridial cytotoxins. Trends Cell Biol, 5, 441-3.

Aktories K, Just I (1995) Studies on the active site structure of C3-like exoenzymes: Involvement of glutamic acid in catalysis of ADP-ribosylation. Biochimie, 77, 326-32
Abstract³⁶⁰

Aktories K, Koch G (1995) Modification of actin and of Rho proteins by clostridial ADP-ribosylating toxins. In: Handbook of Natural Toxins, Volume 8: Microbial Toxins. Iglewski B, Moss J, Tu AT, Vaughan M (eds.), 491-520.

Aktories K (1994) Clostridial ADP-ribosylating toxins: effects on ATP and GTP-binding proteins. Mol Cell Biochem, 138, 167-76